Conditions We Treat
Ankle Sprain
What Is It?
An ankle sprain is an injury to the ligaments that support the ankle joint. It most often occurs when the foot twists, rolls, or turns beyond its normal range of motion—usually during sports, walking on uneven surfaces, or stepping off a curb awkwardly.
Most ankle sprains involve the lateral ligaments (on the outside of the ankle), especially the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL). Less commonly, the injury affects the medial ligaments (deltoid complex) or the syndesmotic ligaments (high ankle sprain).
Sprains are classified into:
- Grade I – mild stretching or microscopic tearing
- Grade II – partial tear
- Grade III – complete tear
Symptoms
- Pain, especially when bearing weight or moving the ankle
- Swelling and bruising around the ankle
- Tenderness along the injured ligaments
- Ankle instability or a sensation of “giving way” (particularly in higher-grade sprains)
- Stiffness and limited range of motion
Diagnosis
- Physical exam: Provider will assess swelling, bruising, tenderness, and stability of the joint
- History: Details of how the injury occurred are key
- Special tests: Anterior drawer test, talar tilt test, or squeeze test (for high ankle sprain)
- X-rays: Used to rule out fractures
- MRI: May be ordered in more severe cases or if recovery is delayed
Treatment
Conservative Options:
- RICE protocol: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation—especially in the first 48–72 hours
- NSAIDs for pain and inflammation control
- Bracing or taping to support the joint
- Physical therapy: Early motion and weight-bearing as tolerated; exercises to restore strength, range of motion, and proprioception
Surgical Options:
- Surgery: Rare, but may be considered for chronic instability or complete ligament tears that don’t heal with conservative care
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